Dental pulp progenitor cells are the most attractive cells for periodontal tissue engineering based on their good growth and differentiation capacity in ex vivo. We previously described a novel tissue cryopreservation protocol to enable the safe preservation of various autologous stem cell sources. Dpscs can easily be collected from discarded teeth with little ethical concerns and harvested in a minimally invasive and safe manner. With the expanding knowledge of tooth regeneration and biological mechanisms of functional dental tissue repair, current treatment strategies are beginning to give way to evolving fields such as tissue engineering and biomimetics. Dental pulp embryogenesis embryonic cells migrate from the neural crests to reinforce head and neck mesenchyme strongly determining the development of this area of the human body. Nerve growth is also constrained by inhibitory factors associated with central myelin and. Several loci or niches within the adult human body are colonized by a significant number of stem cells. Since that time, she and her team have been conducting research with dental pulp stem cells in assisting neurorecovery. There are several unanswered questions in the biology of dental pulp and odontoblasts. Dental pulp stem cells banking vs cord blood stem cell banking. Isolation methods of dental pulp stem cells pocket dentistry. Application of stem cells in periodontal regeneration. Dental pulp mscs are heterogeneous in nature, partly due to the prediction that they fall into a hierarchical order of cell types that is seen in so. Numerous types of stem cells have been isolated from dental tissue, such as dental pulp stem cells dpscs, stem cells isolated from human pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth shed, periodontal ligament stem cells pdlscs, stem cells from apical papilla scaps, and dental follicle cells dfcs.
How do regenerative endodontic procedures work for. Progress in the use of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative. For in vivo studies, we first employed both ectopic and semiorthotopic study models using severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Human intrabony defect regeneration with micrografts containing dental pulp stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells dpscs have a high capacity for differentiation and the ability to regenerate a dentinpulplike complex. Pulp regeneration with 3dimensional dental pulp stem cell dpsc constructs in vivo. An approac for cell transplantation acta cirurgica brasileira vol. A subset of these cells, named dental pulp pluripotentlike stem cells dppsc, shows high plasticity and can undergo multiple population doublings, making dppsc an appealing tool for tissue repair or maintenance. Pulp regeneration by transplantation of dental pulp stem cells in. The mesenchymal stem cells of dental pulp dpscs were isolated and characterized for the first time more than a decade ago as highly clonogenic cells that.
Dental pulp stem cells are similar to cord blood derived stem cells and can also be banked like cord blood or placenta derived stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells dpscs are stem cells present in the dental pulp, which is the soft living tissue within teeth. Human dental pulp stem cells can differentiate into schwann. Dental stem cells offer a very promising therapeutic approach to restore structural defects and this concept is extensively explored by several researchers, which is evident by the rapidly growing literature in this field. Mobilized dental pulp stem cells mdpscs using granulocytecolony stimulating factor gcsf gradient showed higher trophic effects including migration and angiogenicneurogenic induction compared to mobilized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mbmmscs, mobilized adiposederived stem cells. Future research into the development of suitable antimicrobial scaffolds that also can promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation has been recommended, as. Dental pulp stem cells show promise in neurorecovery craig. Pdf dental pulp stem cells in regenerative dentistry. Application of stem cells in the oral and maxillofacial region a special issue journal published by hindawi. Dental pulp stem cells are clonogenic cells capable of. Clinical potential and current progress of dental pulp stem cells for. Injured adult mammalian nervous system has a limited regenerative capacity due to an insufficient pool of precursor cells in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Beyond natural capacity of response to the injury, dental pulp stem cells are attractive for their potential to differentiate, in vitro, into several cell types including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, chondrocytes, endotheliocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts. Recently, immature dental pulp stem cells were identified which are a pluripotent subpopulation of dpsc generated using dental pulp organ culture.
The role of stem cells article pdf available in european journal of paediatric dentistry 152 june 2014 with 2,046 reads how we measure reads. Pdf autologous dental pulp stem cells in regeneration of. Bone regeneration by human dental pulp stem cells using a. Differential expression of long noncoding rnas from dental. How has dental pulp stem cells isolation been conducted. Application of stem cells in the oral and maxillofacial. Stem cells from cryopreserved human dental pulp tissues.
Pulp regeneration by harnessing dental pulp stem cells, new trends in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine official book of the japanese society for regenerative medicine, hideharu hibi and minoru ueda, intechopen, doi. However, the regenerative potential 9 of these cells for dental pulp is highly variable. Future potential for bladder tissue engineering bingsong, 1,2 wenkaijiang, 1,2 amralraies, 1 qianliu, 1 vijaygudla, 3 juliaoni, 3. Dental pulp stem cells in regenerative medicine british. Learn how dental pulp stem cells canlearn how dental pulp stem cells can develop intodevelop into elements of the nervous system and how they have been used in rodents with spinal cord injury dental stem cells adult teeth best sources. Stem cells x dental pulp x corneal stroma x corneal keratocytes x cornea. Pulp regeneration by 3dimensional dental pulp stem cell. It has both stem cell and odontoblast characteristics using a mesenchymal cell lineage of human dental pulp stem cells hdpscs.
In vivo experiments with dental pulp stem cells for pulp. Materials and methods electronic literature searches were using medline, and embase for articles up to june 2017 reporting the classification of stem cells. Dental pulp and dentin tissue engineering and regeneration. In the craig lab, they are working with dental pulp stem cells that have been derived from extracted wisdom teeth they take the pulp and isolate the stem cells. Stem cells are a promising tool for tissue regeneration, thanks to their particular characteristics of proliferation, differentiation and plasticity. Transplantation of dental pulp stem cells and plateletrich plasma for pulp regeneration xiaofei zhu, dds, phd. For example, in severe dental pulp injury or inflammation i. The mixture of hdpscs and matrigel was transferred into the maintenance medium mm and divided into four different groups according to how long they were maintained in the odontogenic differentiation medium odm. Bone grafts are the current gold standard strategy for repairing irreversible skeletal damage. A new cellular resource for corneal stromal regeneration fatiman. Dpscs have osteogenic and chondrogenic potential in vitro and can differentiate into dentin, in vivo and also differentiate into dentin pulp like complex.
Human tissues are different in term of regenerative properties. Trophic effects of dental pulp stem cells on schwann cells. Dpsc constructtransplanted human tooth roots were implanted in the subcutaneous space of immunodeficient mice. These cells were named postnatal dental pulp stem cells dpscs and exhibited the ability to form pieces of ectopic human pulp dentinlike complex as well as to form scattered dentinlike structures on existing human dentin surface in immunocompromised mice. Highlights that dental pulp stem cells are mesenchymal stem cells capable of forming bone, nerves and connective tissue. They demonstrated regeneration of dental pulp containing an odontoblast. Regenerative capacity of the dental pulp is wellknown and has been recently attributed to function of dental stem cells.
Five patients with irreversible pulpitis were enrolled and monitored for up to 24. Dpcs were selected for investigation for corneal regeneration, because, unlike other adult stem cell populations studied for potential corneal stromal regeneration, the dental pulp shares developmental origins with the corneal stroma, which potentially could be. Conditions such as traumainduced bone or cartilage defects and tumor or congenital defects are common in the oral and maxillofacial region. Successful pulp capping is very important and is affected by several factors. Regenerative dental procedures have a long history, originating around 1952, when hermann reported on the application of caoh 2 in a case report of vital pulp amputation. Adult human dental pulp stem cells differentiate toward functionally active neurons under appropriate environmental cues agnes arthur,a,b,c grigori rychkov,d songtao shi,e simon andrea koblar,a,b stan gronthosc athe australian research council, centre for the molecular genetics of development, university of adelaide. Induced migration of dental pulp stem cells for in vivo. Impacted third molars wisdom teeth eruppyted third molars without infection or decay. Dental pulp represents an easily accessible autologous source of adult stem cells.
Recent advances in stem cell biology have aided stem cell therapy to regenerate the pulpdentin complex for conservation and complete. Now, dpscs are considered to have potential as stem cell source for orthopedic and oral maxillofacial reconstruction, and it has been suggested that they may have applications beyond the. Upon in vivo delivery, bfgf induced recellularization and revascularization in endodontically treated human teeth implanted into the dorsum of rats. Imperative role of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative. These are ectodermderived stem cells, originating from migrating neural crest cells and possessing msc properties 1619. The dental pulp contains a population of stem cells, called dental pulp stem cells 12, they are also referred to as odontoblastoid cells, because these cells appears to synthesise and secrete dentin matrix like the odontoblast cells that they replace 18. The distinct developmental pathway of dental pulp stem cells dpscs from neural crest cells results in a cell type that can be participate in neural tissue regeneration. Dpscs can easily be collected from discarded teeth with little ethical concerns and harvested in a minimally invasive and. The efficacy of using dpscs for peripheral nerve repair pnr is strongly influenced by boosting trophic factors that promote axonal growth and regeneration and provide direct and indirect protection against cell death. The most reliable cell source for dental tissue engineering is that of autologous pulp stem progenitor cells isolated from deciduous or primary teeth. Periodontal regeneration using dental pulp stem cells dpscs.
After decoronation dental pulps were extirpated from teeth and cultured via explant method in a stem cell defined media. In addition, we discuss the multipotency of dental pulp stem cells, focusing on the differentiation of these cells into functional odontoblasts and into vascular endothelial cells. Human dental pulp stem cell protocol it is recommended that the dental pulp stem cells are not passaged more than 3 times since early passage cells perform better for subsequent lineage differentiation. Easy and quick isolation of the most primitive stem cell populations from available tissues is warranted for tissue engineering. Pdf dental pulp regeneration in paediatric dentistry. Leukocyte and plateletrich fibrin lprf emerges in regenerative medicine because of its growth factor content and fibrin matrix.
Pulp regeneration by transplantation of dental pulp stem. If you also lost the chance to store your childs cord blood, you consider the potential benefits possible with dental pulp stem cell banking. Deciduous autologous tooth stem cells regenerate dental. A promising alternative cell source is human dental pulp stem cells hdpscs.
Research article bladder smooth muscle cells differentiation. Transplantation of dental pulp stem cells and platelet. However, regeneration of functional dental pulp has proved difficult. Pdf pulp stem cellmediated functional pulp regeneration. Dental pulp is known to be an accessible and important source of multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells termed dental pulp stem cells. Human dental pulp stem cells with highly angiogenic and neurogenic potential for possible use in pulp regeneration. Review article potential roles of dental pulp stem cells in neural regeneration and repair lihua luo,1 yan he,1,2 xiaoyan wang,1 brian key,3 bae hoon lee,4,5,6 huaqiong li,4,5,6 and qingsong ye 1,2 1wmuuq group for regenerative medicine, institute of stem cells and tissue engineering, school of stomatology, wenzhou medical university, wenzhou 325035, china. Highlights that dental pulp stem cells have potential applications in. Adult human dental pulp stem cells differentiate toward. Autologous dental pulp stem cells in regeneration of defect created in canine periodontal tissue. Dental pulp, deciduous teeth, mesenchymal stem cells, cfuf, growth, differentiation udc 616.
Thus, endogenous dental pulp cells, including stem progenitor cells, may be recruited and subsequently differentiated by chemotaxis of selective cytokines in the regeneration of dental pulp. It is known that dental pulp stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Abstract aim the goal of this study was to evaluate if dental pulp stem cells. Research article bladder smooth muscle cells differentiation from dental pulp stem cells. This new volume in the springerbriefs in stem cells series presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cellbased therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration. Regeneration of dental pulp by stem cells show all authors. Descriptive study on dental pulp stem cells in regenerative dentistry current findings and future perspectives 334 according to shi and gronthos2003 stated that accumulated knowledge regarding the phenotypic characteristics of bmmscs has permitted us to isolate putative stem cell populations from the dental pulp. Dental stem cell and dental tissue regeneration springerlink. The choice of harvesting site might influence the cells abilities to modulate immunologic and inflammatory responses. In recent years, stem cell research has grown exponentially due to the recognition that stem cellbased therapies have the potential to improve the life of patients with wide range of conditions, they provides promising methods in vitro as well as in vivo in animal models which make speculation about a future application in human dentistry reasonable.
Dental pulp stem cells dpscs derive from a cranial neural crest lineage, retain a remarkable potential for neuronal differentiation, and additionally express. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine dental pulp stem cells. The dental pulp stem cells are highly proliferative. Abstract dental pulp stem cells dpscs are a promising source of cells for numerous and varied regenerative medicine applications. Dental pulp stem cells dpscs are a promising source of stem cells for tissueengineering therapies because of their low cost and easy accessibility, and they are increasingly becoming a focus of regenerative medicine research. Research open access bone regeneration by human dental pulp stem cells using a helioxanthin derivative and cell sheet technology yasuyuki fujii1, yoko kawasekoga1, hironori hojo2, fumiko yano3, marika sato1, ungil chung2,4, shinsuke ohba2,4 and daichi chikazu1 abstract. Advancements in tissue engineering and stem cell biology, including the separation and characterization of dental pulp stem cells dpscs, allow the regeneration 891011and reconstruction of. Recently, dental pulp has been shown to contain a stem cell niche consisting of dental pulp stem cells dpscs that maintain their selfrenewal capacity due to the active environment in the dental pulp of deciduous teeth. The precise biology of dental pulp cells was originally described by stanley, 3 when they were widely regarded as fibroblasts following the establishment of culturing methods by pomerat and contino. A after 6 wk, the implanted tooth was harvested and observed by stereomicroscope.
This study characterized and compared two subpopulations of adult stem cells derived from human dental pulp hdpscs. Differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into regularshaped. However, access to these potential collection sites often is a. Human dental pulp stem cells expressing stro1, ckit and.
During dentin pulp regeneration, the interaction between stem cells, signaling molecules, biomaterials and the microenvironment in the periapical area drives the process for dental pulp tissue. Human intrabony defect regeneration with micrografts. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutical effects of human dental pulp stem cells hdpscs on ad cellular model which established by okadaic acid oa. It is known that dental pulp stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes 3, 4.
Stem cells x dental pulp x corneal stroma x corneal keratocytes x cornea abstract. Differential expression of long noncoding rnas from dental pulp stem cells in the microenvironment of the angiogenesis. Biological stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells. The main components of dental pulp tissue are dental pulp cells, which are mesenchymal cells derived from the neural crest. The efficacy of pulp regeneration should be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using animal models. They are pluripotent, as they can form embryoid bodylike structures ebs in vitro and teratomalike structures that contained tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers when injected in nude mice. However, many controversies still exist in the field. Among these tissues, the dental pulp is considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. Dental pulp stem cells promote regeneration of damaged. Isolation and culture of dental pulp stem cells from permanent and.
Scalingup of dental pulp stem cells isolated from multiple. Dental pulp stem cells dpscs can undergo chondrogenic differentiation and secrete growth factors associated with tissue repair and immunomodulation. Dpscs are mesenchymal type of stem cells inside dental pulp. Current overview on dental stem cells applications in. Experiments have previously demonstrated the therapeutic potential of mobilized dental pulp stem cells mdpscs for complete pulp regeneration. Potential roles of dental pulp stem cells in neural. Since discovery, 8 these cells have been extensively studied about their differentiation and regeneration capabilities. All these cells can regenerate the tissue of tooth. Research advances in tissue regeneration by dental pulp. Dec 29, 2017 periodontal regeneration using dental pulp stem cells dpscs the safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Jun 18, 2015 the mesenchymal stem cells of dental pulp dpscs were isolated and characterized for the first time more than a decade ago as highly clonogenic cells that were able to generate densely calcified colonies. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the u. Growth factors play a key role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation for the successful regeneration of pulp dentin complexes 3, 4. The goal of this study was to establish miniswine as a large animal model for stem cell based pulp regeneration studies.
The most striking feature of dpscs is their ability to regenerate a dentin pulp like complex that is composed of mineralized matrix with tubules lined with odontoblasts, and fibrous tissue containing. Coat the culture vessels with type i collagen or use precoated culture vessels. Similar to the mesenchymal stem cells mscs, dental pulp stem cells dpscs also have pluripotent differentiation characteristic and may be more ideal for tissue regeneration, especially in tooth. Stem cells in regenerative endodontics international journal of. The aim of the present pilot clinical study is to assess the safety, potential efficacy, and feasibility of autologous transplantation of mdpscs in pulpectomized teeth. Neuroregenerative properties of dental pulp stem cells lrm. Pdf regeneration of dentinepulplike tissue using a.
Stem cells, possessing the capacity of selfrenewal and multicellular differentiation, promise new therapeutic strategies for overcoming these impediments to neural regeneration. The isolation of dental pulp stem cells showed great variability, hampering the development of standard protocols to achieve in vitro dental pulp stem cells with similar characteristics. Transplanted human dental pulp stem cells hdpscs engrafted into sciatic nerve defect, as revealed by the positive staining against human nuclei, showed the expression of typical schwann cells markers, s100b and, noteworthy, a significant number of myelinated axons was detected. Research open access pulp regeneration by transplantation of dental pulp stem cells in pulpitis. Lizier nf, kerkis a, gomes cm, hebling j, oliveira cf, et al. Descriptive study on dental pulp stem cells in regenerative. Human dental pulp pluripotentlike stem cells promote wound. Dental pulp stem cells and regeneration request pdf. Dental pulp necrosis is one of the most common pathological conditions that results in tooth loss. Dental pulp stem cells and regeneration nakashima 20.
Therapeutic potential of dental pulp stem cells and. Mar 14, 2015 human dental pulp represents a suitable alternative source of stem cells for the purpose of cellbased therapies in regenerative medicine, because it is relatively easy to obtain it, using low invasive procedures. Mesenchymal stem cells mscs are now fully recognised as the principle cell population ultimately responsible for the synthesis of the collagenous connective tissue, including dentine and bone. Pulp regeneration by harnessing dental pulp stem cells.
Stem cells for dental pulp tissue engineering could be divided into two broad strategies. Effects of glucose and glutamine concentrations in human. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for. The blood vessel is as important as dentin during the process of regeneration of dental pulp tissue as it can provide. Swine dental pulp stem cells sdpscs were isolated from miniswine and characterized in vitro. Human dental pulp pluripotentlike stem cells promote.